Zeziphi iiNgozi eziQhelekileyo zoKhuseleko lwerhasi

Ingozi yokhuseleko lwegesi yenye yeengozi eziqhelekileyo ezinokubakho zokhuseleko kwimveliso yamashishini kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeegesi eziyingozi. Emva kokuba kuvuza okanye iigesi zisetyenziswe ngendlela engafanelekanga, ngokulula kunokubangela iingozi ezinzulu ezinjengomlilo, ukudubula, ukutyhefa, nokuphefumla, nto leyo ebeka isisongelo esikhulu kubomi nakwimpahla yabantu. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda iintlobo, izizathu, kunye nemilinganiselo yokukhusela yeengozi eziqhelekileyo zokhuseleko lwegesi.

1. IiNgozi zoMlilo

Umlilo ubhekisela kwintlekele ebangelwa kukutsha okungalawulekiyo ngexesha okanye kwindawo. Phakathi kweentlekele ezahlukeneyo, imililo yenye yeentlekele eziphambili ezihlala zisongela ukhuseleko loluntu kunye nophuhliso loluntu.

01 Ukuvuza kwerhasi etshayo kunye nokutsha xa udibana nomlilo

Iigesi eziqhelekileyo: Irhasi yendalo, i-liquefied petroleum gas, njl.
Isizathu: Emva kokuvuza kwegesi enokutsha kwaye ifikelele kugxininiso oluthile emoyeni, iya kutshisa ngokukhawuleza xa idibana nedangatye elivulekileyo (elifana nedangatye elikhanyayo okanye i-spark yombane), kwaye inokuthi ibangele umlilo.

02 Umlilo oBangwe kuKutsha kweGesi

Irhasi eqhelekileyo: Ioksijini.
Unobangela: Ioksijini ngokwayo ayitshi kodwa inokuxhasa ukutsha. Ukuba i-oksijini yoxinaniso iphezulu kakhulu malunga nezixhobo ezinokutsha, iya kwenza ukutshiswa kwezinto ezinokutsha kube nzima ngakumbi kwaye kunokubangela nomlilo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba inani elikhulu lezinto ezinokutsha zigcinwe kwindawo yokugcina kunye nokungena komoya okungahambi kakuhle kukhokelela ekuqokeleleni kweoksijini, xa kukho umthombo womlilo, umlilo unokwenzeka.

2. IiNgozi zokuqhushumba

Ugqabhuko-dubulo luhlobo lotshintsho olukhawuleza kakhulu emzimbeni okanye kwikhemikhali yento. Ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, umthamo omkhulu wamandla uyakhutshwa, ngokuqhelekileyo uhamba kunye nokukhululwa kobushushu obunamandla, ukukhutshwa kokukhanya, kunye nemiphumo yesandi.

01 Ugqabhuko-dubulo oluBangwe kukuvuza kwerhasi etshayo

Iigesi eziqhelekileyo: iHydrogen, i-methane, i-acetylene, njl.
Isizathu: Xa igesi evuthayo ixuba nomoya kwaye ifikelele kumda wokudubula, iya kuqhuma xa idibana nomlilo ovulekileyo okanye ukushisa okuphezulu. Umzekelo, kwimveliso yeekhemikhali, ukuvuza kwemibhobho kubangela ukuba i-hydrogen ixube nomoya, kwaye ugqabhuko-dubulo lunokuthi lwenzeke xa idibana nentlantsi yombane okanye intlantsi ye-electrostatic.

02 Ukudubula komxube wothuli negesi

Imeko eqhelekileyo: Kumashishini afana nokulungisa ukutya okuziinkozo kunye nokulungiswa kweenkuni, uthuli olunokutsha (njengothuli lomgubo kunye nothuli lwamaplanga) luxutywa nomoya. Xa ifikelela kugxininiso oluthile, inokubangela uqhushumbo xa idibana nomthombo womlilo. Ukuba kukho neegesi ezinokutsha kwindawo yemveliso, umngcipheko wokudubula uya kwanda ngakumbi.
Unobangela: Emva kokuba uthuli luxubene nerhasi, kwenziwa umxube oqhuma ngakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, xa uthuli lomgubo luxubene nomoya kwaye lufikelele kumda wokudubula, luya kudubula ngogonyamelo xa ludibana nomlilo ovulekileyo.

3. Iingozi Zetyhefu

Iigesi ezinetyhefu ligama eliqhelekileyo leegesi eziyingozi kumzimba womntu. Ityhefu yerhasi iwela phakathi kudidi lwezifo ezibangelwa yimiba yomzimba kunye neekhemikhali. Ityhefu eqhelekileyo eyingozi yerhasi ibandakanya ityhefu yeammonia, ityhefu yehydrogen sulfide, ityhefu yechlorine, ityhefu yecarbon monoxide, kunye netyhefu yeformaldehyde. Ngokubanzi, iingozi zetyhefu yerhasi zinokwenzeka ngexesha lokusebenza kwiindawo ezivaliweyo, imibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba, kunye neendawo ezimbalwa. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla bentsapho, ityhefu yecarbon monoxide inokwenzeka ngenxa yokuvuza kwegesi, "ukupheka iti ejikeleze isitovu", okanye ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kwezifudumezi zamanzi egesi.

01 Ityhefu ebukhali

Iigesi eziqhelekileyo: i-carbon monoxide, i-hydrogen sulfide, i-chlorine, njl.
Unobangela: Ukuphefumla igesi enetyhefu ephezulu ngexesha elifutshane kuyonakalisa izicubu kunye namalungu omntu. Ngokomzekelo, xa usebenzisa isifudumezi samanzi segesi kwindawo evaliweyo kunye nokungena komoya okungahambi kakuhle, ukuxinwa kwe-carbon monoxide kuyanda, oku kunokubangela i-carbon monoxide poisoning.

02 Ityhefu engapheliyo

Iigesi eziqhelekileyo: Umphunga weMercury, umphunga webenzene, njl.
Unobangela: Ixesha elide lokuvezwa kugxininiso oluphantsi lwegesi eyityhefu lubangela ukuba izinto eziyityhefu ziqokelele ngokuthe ngcembe emzimbeni, ziyonakalisa inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, inkqubo yokuphefumla, njl.

4. Ingozi yokuphelelwa ngumoya

Ingozi yokufuthanisela ibhekisa kwingozi apho isiqaqa ngequbuliso okanye nokufa ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini. Olu hlobo lwengozi ludla ngokwenzeka kwiindawo ekungangeni moya ngazo kakuhle okanye kwimo ephantsi yeoksijini, njengeetonela ezilahliweyo, iishafti, iikholvethi, imibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba, njl.njl. Oonobangela abaxhaphakileyo beengozi zokufunxa zibandakanya ukuvuza kweegesi eziyingozi, ukuculwa kwemibhobho, ukubekelwa kunye nokuguquguquka kwezixa ezikhulu zeegesi eziyingozi, okanye isiqulatho seoksijini ephantsi kwimekobume yendawo yenitrogen kunye nezinye izizathu zenitrogen.

01 Ukufunxa ukuvuza kwerhasi engasebenziyo

Iigesi eziqhelekileyo: i-nitrogen, i-carbon dioxide, njl.

Isizathu: Iigesi ezingasebenziyo ngokwazo aziyiyo ityhefu, kodwa xa zivuza ngobuninzi kwiindawo ezivaliweyo, zinokunciphisa umxholo we-oksijini emoyeni, okukhokelela ekuphelelweni kwabasebenzi ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-oksijini. Umzekelo, ngexesha lemisebenzi yokulondoloza indawo ebandayo, igesi yenitrogen ivuza kwindawo evalelweyo yokulungisa, kwaye abasebenzi bolondolozo bayoyisakala ukuyibona ngexesha elifanelekileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufuthaniseleni.

02 Ukufuthaniselwa kokunyibilikisa kwe-solvent

Iigesi eziqhelekileyo: Imiphunga ethile enyibilikisiweyo ephezulu yoxinzelelo lwendalo (efana nomphunga wepetroli).

Isizathu: Emva kokuba izinyibilikisi ze-organic zibe ngumphunga, imiphunga ephezulu yoxinaniso iye yenziwa kwiindawo ezivalelekileyo, ezinokususa ioksijini emoyeni kwaye ibangele ukufuthaniselwa kwabasebenzi. Umzekelo, kwindawo yokupaka engaphantsi komhlaba, umthamo omkhulu wepetroli evuzayo kwaye ikhuphe umphunga, kwaye abasebenzi abangenayo banokufutha ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini.

Iingcebiso zeMveliso

Ukutshintsha umsebenzi wezandla kunye ne-automation ukufezekisa ukujonga ixesha lokwenyani lokuxinana kwegesi kunokunceda ukufumanisa iingxaki ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi ngowona mlinganiselo mkhulu.